Chronic illnesses are those suffered over a longer period such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, mental disorders, diabetes, cancer and the list continues. According to a report by World Health Organisation (2011), chronic illness and injuries are the leading causes of death and disability in India and their burden is projected to increase during the next 25 years as a consequence of the rapidly ageing population.
Persons suffering from chronic illness and injuries often experience unbearable physical pain, issues with mobility, financial dependence, helplessness and hopelessness. They also at times have to deal with distancing from family members and isolation as a consequence adding to the physical suffering. Also the stigma and labelling by the society is an added burden for those affected. Hence they develop comorbid conditions, mainly depression, anxiety and anger.
One of the approaches, Cognitive Therapy, focusses on addressing the negative thoughts arising from long term suffering using techniques of the therapy. Combined therapy deals with including self-management techniques along with cognitive therapy and medications. Also reciprocal Trust approach is used to help the caregiver of those suffering from chronic illness and injuries wherein the person is empowered with developing appropriate skills to support the one affected. Another approach that is validated by empirical evidence is School of Bravery which involves fear reduction, confidence building and behaviour modification techniques carried out in physiotherapy gymnasium.
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